RESUMEN Introducción: la Medicina Nuclear es una especialidad médica que trata o diagnostica diferentes afecciones mediante imágenes de tipo funcional-molecular, a partir del empleo de fuentes no selladas. Un aspecto importante en el desempeño profesional es la adecuada gestión de sustancias que puedan resultar nocivas. Objetivo: fundamentar la estructura conceptual de la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con un análisis crítico reflexivo, se consideraron documentos normativos de la actividad en Medicina Nuclear, tesis, artículos y libros, publicados a partir del 2018 en español e inglés. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO durante el periodo comprendido de enero a mayo del 2023. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: competencias, gestión y desechos radiactivos. Fueron revisados 73 textos y se seleccionaron 20 para conformar el texto final. Resultados: se delimitaron cuatro núcleos temáticos: pertinencia de formar competencias profesionales, base teórico-metodológica, base legal y riesgos e implicaciones. Resulta evidente el insuficiente tratamiento teórico-metodológico a la gestión de desechos como actividad de los tecnólogos de Medicina Nuclear. Se propone la definición de la competencia, los problemas contextuales que aborda, ejes procesuales, criterio de desempeño y evidencias requeridas. Conclusiones: el estudio de las competencias profesionales en los tecnólogos de la salud es un campo de notable vigencia encaminado a desarrollar su profesionalización. La evidente relación establecida entre la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos y la reducción de riesgos y accidentes, conlleva la responsabilidad de formar profesionales preparados para desempeñarse con éxito en la Medicina Nuclear.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nuclear Medicine is a medical specialty that treats or diagnoses different conditions through functional-molecular images, using unsealed sources. An important aspect in professional performance is the proper management of substances that may be harmful. Objective: to support the conceptual structure of the radioactive waste management competence. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out with a reflective critical analysis, normative documents of the activity in Nuclear Medicine, theses, articles, and books, published since 2018 in Spanish and English, were considered. The search was carried out in the SciELO databases from January to May 2023. The keywords used were competencies, management and radioactive waste. 73 texts were reviewed and 20 were selected to make up the final text. Results: four topic cores were defined: relevance of training professional competencies, theoretical-methodological base, legal base and risks and implications. The insufficient theoretical-methodological treatment of waste management as an activity of Nuclear Medicine technologists is evident. The definition of the competence, the contextual problems it addresses, procedural axes, performance criteria and required evidence are proposed. Conclusions: the study of professional competencies in health technologists is a field of notable validity aimed at developing their professionalization. The evident relationship established between radioactive waste management competence and the reduction of risks and accidents entails the responsibility of training professionals prepared to perform successfully in Nuclear Medicine.

Summary: The Ayuquila-Armería river basin is classified as a priority hydrographic basin in Mexico for its high diversity and for the ecosystem pressure it is subjected to. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Zn) in water and aquatic macroinvertebrates, in addition to physical and chemical parameters (pH, EC and flow) in the tributary basins and the main channel. The present investigation was carried out with samplings in the rainy season in 2015, and in the dry season in 2016, at 18 sites in the basin. Determinations of heavy metals, physical and chemical parameters, collection of aquatic macroinvertebrates and estimation of the flow of the tributaries were carried out at each sampling site. In surface water, only Hg and Pb exceeded the permissible limits for natural waters (0.02 and 0.0015 mg L-1 respectively) in 60% of the sites; in terms of concentrations in macroinvertebrates, the six metals exceeded the permissible limits in the 65% of the sites with concentrations of 0.33 to 7.07 mg kg-1, of these the Hg (7.07 mg kg-1) and the metalloid As (5.19 mg kg-1) were the ones that presented the highest concentrations.

Resumen: La cuenca del río Ayuquila-Armería se clasifica como cuenca hidrográfica prioritaria de México por su alta diversidad y también por la presión ecosistémica a la que es sometida. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de metales pesados (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb y Zn) en agua y macroinvertebrados acuáticos, además de parámetros físicos y químicos (pH, C.E y caudal) en las subcuencas tributarias y el cauce principal. La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con muestreos en la temporada lluviosa en 2015, y en la temporada seca en 2016, en 18 sitios de la cuenca. En cada sitio de muestreo se realizaron determinaciones de metales pesados, parámetros físicos y químicos, colecta de macroinvertebrados acuáticos y estimación del caudal de los afluentes. En el agua superficial solo el Hg y el Pb superaron los límites permisibles para aguas naturales (0.02 y 0.0015 mg L-1 respectivamente) en el 60% de los sitios, en cuanto a las concentraciones en macroinvertebrados los seis metales superaron los límites permisibles en el 65% de los sitios con concentraciones de 0.33 a 7.07 mg kg-1, de estos el Hg (7.07 mg kg-1) y el metaloide As (5.19 mg kg-1) fueron los que presentaron las mayores concentraciones.

ABSTRACT The Property Registry is the body in charge of collecting inscriptions that attend to the characteristics of real estate and ownership. Likewise, it discusses the fundamental premises of legal certainty and how real estate registration law contributes to its compliance. The objective of this study is to identify the main challenges and obstacles faced by users of the Property Registry in the face of a refusal to register and the guarantees of legal certainty. For the study, the systematic, analytical, critical, reflective, and deductive methods were used, with a mixed-type bibliographic design. Recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency and transparency of the registration process. In this sense, it is concluded that collaboration between universities and public entities can be essential for the design and implementation of public policies and training programs that strengthen access to justice and legal security for citizens.

RESUMEN El Registro de la Propiedad es el organismo encargado de la recolección de inscripciones que atiende las características de los bienes inmuebles y la titularidad. Asimismo, discute sobre las premisas fundamentales de la seguridad jurídica y cómo el derecho registral inmobiliario contribuye a su cumplimiento. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los principales retos y obstáculos que enfrentan los usuarios del Registro de la Propiedad ante una negativa de inscripción y las garantías de la seguridad jurídica. Para el estudio se utilizaron los métodos sistemático, analítico, crítico, reflexivo y deductivo, con un diseño bibliográfico de tipo mixto. Se proponen recomendaciones para mejorar la eficiencia y transparencia del proceso registral. En este sentido, se concluye que la colaboración entre universidades y entidades públicas puede ser fundamental para el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas y programas de capacitación que fortalezcan el acceso a la justicia y la seguridad jurídica de la ciudadanía.

Abstract: The proposal to regulate the use of data in the European Union has been a priority for some years. Since the European Data Strategy was presented by the European Commission in 2020, work has been under way on a Regulation on a European Data Governance Act to help complete the regulatory framework initiated with the General Data Protection Regulation in 2016. Last April 2022, the European Parliament made public its amendments to the proposal on this proposal for a Regulation and its position on it, welcoming it as a great necessity for the development of the European market. We will dedicate the following lines to the review of some aspects of the proposal and its analysis.

Resumen: La propuesta para regular el uso de los datos en la Unión Europea lleva siendo una prioridad desde hace unos años. Desde que se presentó por la Comisión Europea la Estrategia Europea de Datos en 2020, se ha estado trabajando en un Reglamento sobre una Ley de Gobernanza Europea de Datos que ayude a completar el marco normativo iniciado con el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos en 2016. El pasado abril de 2022, el Parlamento Europeo hizo públicas sus enmiendas a la propuesta sobre esta propuesta de Reglamento y su posición al respecto, acogiéndola como una gran necesidad para el desarrollo del mercado europeo. A la revisión de algunos aspectos de la propuesta y a su análisis dedicaremos las líneas siguientes.

Abstract: The European building stock is responsible for 36% of greenhouse gas emissions and 40% of energy consumption, and its rehabilitation would reduce consumption by 26%. In addition to the economic benefits of this reduction, such as its incidence in reducing energy poverty, energy efficient homes imply co-benefits in terms of comfort and health of their inhabitants; however, households are not aware of this, which, together with other barriers, discourages obtaining efficient housing. This work seeks to know the importance that households give to the benefits and co-benefits associated with energy efficiency; understand if it is homogeneous among these, and identify its correlation with its sociodemographic characteristics. To do this, a survey is carried out on a sample of households in Barcelona. Through a multivariate analysis, the patterns of relevance given to the different advantages and their statistical association with the sociodemographic characteristics of the households are identified. The results suggest that the importance of these benefits is heterogeneous. Older and higher-income people value more co-benefits such as health, comfort and environmental conservation, but younger and lower-income people value savings more.

Resumen: El parque edificado europeo es responsable del 36% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y del 40% del consumo de energía y su rehabilitación reduciría un 26% del consumo. Además de los beneficios económicos de esta reducción, como su incidencia en reducir la pobreza energética, las viviendas energéticamente eficientes implican co-beneficios en el confort y la salud de sus habitantes; sin embargo, los hogares no son conscientes de ello, lo que, aunado a otras barreras, desincentiva la obtención de viviendas eficientes. Este trabajo persigue conocer la importancia que otorgan los hogares a los beneficios y co-beneficios asociados a la eficiencia energética; entender si es homogénea entre éstos e identificar su correlación con sus características sociodemográficas. Para ello, se realiza una encuesta a una muestra de hogares de Barcelona. Mediante un análisis multivariante, se identifican los patrones de la relevancia otorgada a las distintas ventajas y su asociación estadística con las características sociodemográficas de los hogares. Los resultados sugieren que la importancia de estos beneficios es heterogénea. Las personas mayores y de mayor renta aprecian más co-beneficios como la salud, el confort y la conservación medioambiental, pero las personas más jóvenes y de menor renta valoran más los ahorros.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y la evolución del síndrome visual informático en estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato mediante el CVS-Q© adaptado y validado para adolescentes, según empleen libros en papel o en soporte digital. Método: Se adaptará el CVS-Q© mediante un pilotaje en adolescentes y un grupo nominal compuesto por especialistas en salud visual, profesorado y padres/madres. Se evaluarán la calidad y la aplicabilidad de la versión resultante (CVS-Q teen©) y se realizará un estudio de validación con pruebas visuales, retest y análisis psicométrico. Posteriormente, se realizará un estudio prospectivo longitudinal con cuatro medidas repetidas en adolescentes de dos institutos de San Juan de Alicante (uno ha sustituido libros por tabletas). Se medirá el síndrome visual informático mediante el CVS-Q teen© con tres seguimientos. Se analizará la prevalencia de síndrome visual informático según factores sociodemográficos, visuales y de uso de dispositivos digitales. Se realizarán modelos de regresión logística con efecto aleatorio por estudiante y tiempo de uso.

Abstract Objective: To analyse the prevalence and progression of computer vision syndrome in secondary and high school students with the CVS-Q© adapted and validated for adolescents, depending on whether they use textbooks or digital books. Method: The CVS-Q© will be adapted by a pilot study in adolescents and a nominal group of visual health specialists, teachers and parents. The resulting version (CVS-Q teen©) will be tested to confirm its quality and applicability and a validation study will be done with visual tests, retest and psychometric analysis. Subsequently, a prospective longitudinal study with four repeated measures will be carried out in adolescents from two secondary schools of San Juan de Alicante (one has replaced textbooks by tablets). Computer vision syndrome will be measured by the CVS-Q teen© with three follow-ups. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome will be analysed according to sociodemographic, visual and digital device use variables. Logistic regression models will be performed, with random effect by student and time of use.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y la evolución del síndrome visual informático en estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato mediante el CVS-Q© adaptado y validado para adolescentes, según empleen libros en papel o en soporte digital. Método: Se adaptará el CVS-Q© mediante un pilotaje en adolescentes y un grupo nominal compuesto por especialistas en salud visual, profesorado y padres/madres. Se evaluarán la calidad y la aplicabilidad de la versión resultante (CVS-Q teen©) y se realizará un estudio de validación con pruebas visuales, retest y análisis psicométrico. Posteriormente, se realizará un estudio prospectivo longitudinal con cuatro medidas repetidas en adolescentes de dos institutos de San Juan de Alicante (uno ha sustituido libros por tabletas). Se medirá el síndrome visual informático mediante el CVS-Q teen© con tres seguimientos. Se analizará la prevalencia de síndrome visual informático según factores sociodemográficos, visuales y de uso de dispositivos digitales. Se realizarán modelos de regresión logística con efecto aleatorio por estudiante y tiempo de uso.

Abstract Objective: To analyse the prevalence and progression of computer vision syndrome in secondary and high school students with the CVS-Q© adapted and validated for adolescents, depending on whether they use textbooks or digital books. Method: The CVS-Q© will be adapted by a pilot study in adolescents and a nominal group of visual health specialists, teachers and parents. The resulting version (CVS-Q teen©) will be tested to confirm its quality and applicability and a validation study will be done with visual tests, retest and psychometric analysis. Subsequently, a prospective longitudinal study with four repeated measures will be carried out in adolescents from two secondary schools of San Juan de Alicante (one has replaced textbooks by tablets). Computer vision syndrome will be measured by the CVS-Q teen© with three follow-ups. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome will be analysed according to sociodemographic, visual and digital device use variables. Logistic regression models will be performed, with random effect by student and time of use.

Abstract Intense soil preparation and disturbance in crops, over time, reduces the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. Given this context, this work aimed to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions under agroforestry system (AFS) and toposequences in an altitude marsh, Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brazil. The study was carried out at the Yaguara farm, and the areas studied were native forest with 4.57 ha and coffee plantation in shade with native forest with 25.59 ha. Soil samples were collected in four trenches measuring 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.60 m, with a distance of 50 meters. Soils were collected at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, followed by chemical, physical and density analyzes to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions. The area with shaded coffee showed higher values of soil carbon stocks at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. At a depth of 40-60 cm, the AFS top toposequence showed the highest carbon stock with 11.73 Mg ha-1, followed by the area with native vegetation with 10.6 Mg ha-1, slope with 9.23 Mg ha-1 and pediment with 7.00 Mg ha-1. It was found that the top toposequence with shaded coffee exhibited a greater stock of labile carbon at depth 0-20 cm with a value of 1.06 Mg ha-1, followed by the bedding areas (SAF) with 0.88 Mg ha-1, native forest with 0.79 Mg ha-1 and slope with 0.67 g kg-1. However, the area of native vegetation showed the highest value of labile carbon at a depth of 40-60 cm. It was concluded that the area with shaded coffee in the top toposequence showed great capacity to increase total carbon stocks and labile carbon stocks of soil organic matter.

Resumo O intenso preparo e revolvimento do solo em cultivos, com o tempo, reduz a quantidade e a qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os estoques de carbono do solo e frações lábeis sob sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e topossequências em brejo de altitude, em Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda Yaguara, e as áreas estudadas foram mata nativa com 4,57 ha e plantio de café sombreado com mata nativa com 25,59 ha. As amostras de solos foram coletadas em quatro trincheiras 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,60 m, com distância de 50 metros. Foram coletados solos nas profundidades de 0-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, seguido de análises químicas, físicas e densidade para determinação dos estoques de carbono no solo e frações lábeis. A área com café sombreado apresentou maiores valores de estoques de carbono no solo nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm. Na profundidade de 40-60 cm, a topossequência de topo do SAF apresentou maior estoque de carbono com 11,73 Mg ha-1, seguido da área com vegetação nativa com 10,6 Mg ha-1 , encosta com 9,23 Mg ha-1 e pedimento com 7,00 Mg ha-1. Verificou-se que a topossequência de topo com café sombreado exibiu maior estoque de carbono lábil na profundidade 0-20 cm com o valor de 1,06 Mg ha-1, sucedido das áreas de pedimento (SAF) com 0,88 Mg ha-1, mata nativa com 0,79 Mg ha-1e encosta com 0,67 Mg ha-1. No entanto, a área de vegetação nativa apresentou o maior valor de carbono lábil na profundidade de 40-60 cm. Concluiu-se que a área com café sombreado na topossequência topo mostrou grande capacidade para elevar os estoques de carbono total e estoques de carbono lábil da matéria orgânica do solo.

Resumo Introdução: A legislação brasileira atual exige que todos os trabalhadores expostos a ruído recebam um audiograma na admissão, 6 meses após a admissão (primeiro teste periódico), e anualmente após o primeiro teste periódico, mas em outros países as regulamentações dos programas de conservação auditiva não incluem a exigência de teste audiométrico após 6 meses de admissão, mas apenas anualmente. Não há evidências de que a periodicidade adotada pela legislação brasileira seja a mais adequada. Objetivo: Avaliar os três primeiros exames audiométricos ocupacionais de trabalhadores expostos ao ruído. Método: Estudo de coorte histórica com análise transversal. Os participantes eram todos trabalhadores metalúrgicos do sexo masculino com até 40 anos. Os três primeiros audiogramas de cada trabalhador foram analisados: teste audiométrico pré-admissão, teste audiométrico periódico 1 e teste audiométrico periódico 2. Para cada trabalhador, os limiares de frequência médios foram calculados em 3, 4 e 6 kHz nas orelhas esquerda e direita para cada teste. A análise estatística foi feita através do teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Foram incluídos 988 trabalhadores. Houve uma diferença significante nos limiares auditivos entre o teste pré-admissão e os 2 testes periódicos subsequentes para as orelhas direita e esquerda. Não houve diferença significante entre o teste 1 e o teste 2 em nenhuma das orelhas. Conclusão: Dada a falta de diferença entre os 2 primeiros testes periódicos, acreditamos que eles poderiam ser combinados em um único teste, ou seja, o primeiro teste audiométrico periódico poderia ser feito após 12 meses de admissão sem comprometer a saúde dos trabalhadores.

Abstract Introduction: Current Brazilian legislation requires that all workers exposed to noise are to be given an audiogram upon hiring, after 6 months of employment (first periodic test), and annually after the first periodic test. In other countries, the regulations of hearing conservation programs do not include the requirement for audiometric testing at 6 months of employment, but only annually. There is no evidence that the periodicity adopted by Brazilian legislation is the most appropriate. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the first 3 occupational audiometric tests of workers exposed to noise. Methods: Historical cohort study with cross-sectional analysis. Participants were all male metallurgy workers aged up to 40 years. The first 3 audiograms of each worker were analyzed: pre-employment audiometric test, periodic audiometric test 1, and periodic audiometric test 2. For each worker, mean frequency thresholds were calculated at 3, 4, and 6 kHz in the left and right ears for each test. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Results: A total of 988 workers were included. There was a significant difference in auditory thresholds between the pre-employment test and the 2 subsequent periodic tests for the right and left ears. There was no significant difference between Test1 and Test2 in either ear. Conclusion: Given the lack of difference between the first 2 periodic tests, we believe that they could be merged into a single test, i.e., first periodic audiometric testing could be performed at 12 months of employment without compromising workers’ health.

ABSTRACT The main objective of this article is to offer an overview of the procedure to obtain similarities between extreme events to support decision-making in the event of floods, with the Integrated Modular Platform (PMI). The results obtained in a study carried out in the Yanuncay river basin in Ecuador are also shown.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental ofrecer una visión general del procedimiento para obtener similitudes entre eventos extremos para el apoyo a la toma de decisiones ante la ocurrencia de inundaciones, con la Plataforma modular integrada (PMI). También se muestran los resultados conseguidos en un estudio realizado en la cuenca del río Yanuncay en Ecuador.

Abstract Illegal wildlife trafficking has negative effects on biodiversity conservation at both global and local scale. Therefore, the establishment of appropriate conservation measures requires local studies that quantify this problem. The aim of this paper is to quantify and characterize the species of birds and mammals in the period 2016-2017, at Valle Alto Wildlife Rescue Center and Wildlife Refuge (Manabí, Ecuador). The study showed that 212 specimens belonging to 41 different species were confiscated. More birds than mammals were confiscated, and a greater proportion of birds were included in a national and international threat category. A clear preference for primates, parrots and squirrels was found. Furthermore, the presence of species with a distribution range outside the study area revealed the existence of the transportation of species from other parts of the country. Although these data are only a sample of what is actually trafficked in the country, they provide an approach of the type of species that are illegally trafficked in this biodiversity hotspot.

Resumen El tráfico ilegal de vida silvestre tiene repercusiones negativas en la conservación de la biodiversidad a nivel global y también local. Por ello, el establecimiento de medidas oportunas de conservación requiere de estudios locales que cuantifiquen dicho problema. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar y caracterizar las especies de aves y mamíferos incautadas en el periodo 2016-2017, en el Centro de Rescate y Refugio de Vida Silvestre Valle Alto (Manabí, Ecuador). El estudio mostró que 212 ejemplares pertenecientes a 41 especies diferentes fueron confiscados. Se decomisaron más aves que mamíferos y una mayor proporción de aves estaban incluidas en alguna categoría de amenaza a nivel nacional e internacional. Se encontró una clara preferencia por primates, loros y ardillas. Además, la presencia de especies con un rango de distribución fuera del área de estudio reveló la existencia del transporte de especies desde otras zonas del país. Si bien estos datos son solo una muestra de lo que realmente se trafica en el país, dan una aproximación del tipo de especies que se trafican ilegalmente en este hotspot de biodiversidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Cuba has a great diversity of minerals and industrial solid wastes, which can have used with the objective of converting them into raw materials for obtaining materials destined to make components and products for industrial use, through pyrometallurgical processing, with a positive ecological effect. Methods. The pyrometallurgical processing, carbothermic in an electric arc furnace and aluminothermic in a graphite reactor, of minerals and industrial solid wastes were carried out, evaluating the products obtained in the development of new materials. Results. Refractory chromites and pyrolusite were processed by carbothermia and by aluminothermia, mill scale, spent catalysts from the manufacture of sulfuric acid, ashes from the combustion of oil, tails from the production of nickel, pyrolusite and refractory chromites, mixed in different combinations and proportions, using aluminum shavings as a reducer in all cases. Multicomponent alloys suitable for use as alloy filler for welding and surfacing consumables and recharging were achieved, and in the case of ashes, the alloys were obtained in shot form for use in mechanical cleaning operations. The slags from the carbothermic process were use in the manufacture of welding flux matrices, and the aluminothermic ones to obtain powders for the manufacture of abrasive wheels for polishing floors and terraces, given their high hardness. As a conclusion the product obtained from the pyrometallurgical processing of minerals and industrial solid wastes were evaluated in the manufacture of products applicable in industry, which allows for the substitution of imports to the country.

RESUMEN Introducción. Cuba cuenta con gran diversidad de minerales y de desechos sólidos industriales, los cuales pueden ser usados con el objetivo de convertirlos en materias primas para la obtención, mediante procesamiento pirometalúrgico, de materiales destinados a confeccionar componentes y productos de uso industrial, con un efecto ecológico positivo. Métodos. Se realizó el procesamiento pirometalúrgico, carbotérmico en horno eléctrico de arco y aluminotérmico en reactor de grafito, de minerales y residuales sólidos industriales, evaluándose los productos obtenidos en el desarrollo de nuevos materiales. Resultados. Mediante carbotermia se procesaron cromitas refractarias y pirolusita, y por aluminotermia, cascarillas de laminación, catalizadores agotados de la fabricación de ácido sulfúrico, cenizas de la combustión del petróleo, colas de la producción de níquel, pirolusita y cromitas refractarias mezcladas en diferentes combinaciones y proporciones, utilizándose en todos los casos virutas de aluminio como reductor. Se lograron aleaciones multicomponentes aptas para su uso como carga de aleación de consumibles de soldadura y recargue y en el caso de las cenizas, las aleaciones se obtuvieron en forma de granallas para su uso en operaciones de limpieza mecánica. Las escorias del procesamiento carbotérmico se usaron en la confección de matrices de fundentes de soldadura y las de aluminotermia para la obtención de polvos destinados a la fabricación de muelas abrasivas para el pulido de pisos y terrazos, dada su elevada dureza. Como conclusión los productos obtenidos del procesamiento pirometalúrgico de minerales y residuales sólidos industriales fueron evaluados en la fabricación de productos de utilidad industrial, lo que permite sustituir importaciones al país.

ABSTRACT In the present study, the ammonia spectrophotometry method (S-NH3) is applied for the exhaustion profile characterization of the activated carbon in fixed bed industrial contactors used in the aged aguardiente refining process for Cuban rum production. The exhaustion profile of industrial contactors (confirmed as “out of service”) from four Cuban rum factories were determined. Based on calculations and mathematical modelling of the profiles, the overall effectiveness in the carbon management was compared between rum factories. In addition, the recovering strategy of the less exhausted carbon layers into the contactor allows increasing the exploitation efficiency for this costly material for the Cuban rum industry.

RESUMEN En el presente estudio se aplica la técnica de espectrofotometría amoniacal (S-NH3) para la caracterización del perfil de agotamiento del carbón activado en adsorbedores industriales de cama fija, utilizados en la refinación de aguardiente para el proceso de producción de rones. Se determinó el perfil de agotamiento de adsorbedores declarados como agotados en cuatro roneras cubanas. A partir de cálculos desarrollados por modelación matemática de los perfiles se comparó la efectividad neta de manejo del carbón entre roneras, y se demostró que la recuperación y reaprovechamiento de las capas de carbón menos agotadas del lecho es una estrategia que permite elevar la eficiencia de explotación de este costoso recurso para la industria del ron cubano.

ABSTRACT Background: Insulin resistance is key in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to identify glucose and insulin patterns after a 5-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals without diabetes and to explore cardiometabolic risk factors, beta-cell function, and insulin sensitivity in each pattern. Methods: We analyzed the 5-h OGTT in a tertiary healthcare center. We identified classes using latent class trajectory analysis and evaluated their association with cardiometabolic risk factors, beta-cell function, and insulin sensitivity surrogates by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: We included 1088 5-h OGTT performed between 2013 and 2020 and identified four classes. Class one was associated with normal insulin sensitivity and secretion. Class two showed hyperglycemia, dysinsulinism, and a high-risk cardiometabolic profile (obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol). Class three included older individuals, a higher proportion of males, and a greater prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and postprandial hypoglycemia. Finally, class four showed hyperglycemia, dysinsulinism, and hyperinsulinemia; this class had the worst cardiometabolic profile (a high proportion of males, greater age, hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterol, p < 0.001 vs. other classes). Conclusions: The latent class analysis approach allows the identification of groups with an adverse cardiometabolic risk factor, and who might benefit from frequent follow-ups and timely multidisciplinary interventions.

ABSTRACT In the last decade it has been possible to envision that Ecuadorian poultry farming has had an important development, leaving behind economic problems and the presence of adverse natural phenomena typical of our country, likewise this industry has been and is the protagonist of job creation and wealth, becoming a variable and an important part of the agricultural Gross Domestic Product. The research presented has the objective of determining the price setting based on the profit margin, allowing it to be above market levels and its economic results are sufficiently acceptable, so much so that the BALMAR organization can survive and expand in the poultry sector. As important results of the poultry company, it was obtained that the product with the highest sale price is the Balanced Pick-Posture (20-55 weeks) at $ 58.32. The product that is most in demand is the Balanced Posture (from 55 weeks onwards) with a quantity of 94,637 quintals. With a profit margin of 40% for each product that is sold, the company Asociación de Pequeños Poultry Farmers BALMAR presented a different sale price for each product.

RESUMEN En la última década se ha podido avizorar que la avicultura ecuatoriana ha tenido un importante desarrollo, quedando por detrás los problemas económicos y la presencia de fenómenos naturales adversos propios de nuestro país, así mismo esta industria ha sido y es protagonista de generación de empleo y riqueza, convirtiéndose en una variable y parte importante del Producto Interno Bruto agrícola. La investigación presentada tiene el objetivo de determinar la fijación de precios basado en el margen de ganancia permitiendo estar sobre los niveles del mercado y sus resultados económicos sean lo suficientemente aceptables, tanto que la organización BALMAR pueda sobrevivir y expandirse en el sector avícola. Como resultados importantes de la empresa avícola se obtuvo que el producto con mayor precio de venta es el Balanceado Pick-Postura (20-55 semanas) a $58,32. El producto que es más demandado es el Balanceado Postura (de 55 semanas en adelante) con una cantidad de 94.637 quintales. Con un margen de ganancia del 40% por cada producto que se vende, la empresa Asociación de Pequeños Avicultores BALMAR presentó precio de venta diferente para cada producto.